What Is Matter? Exploring the Properties of Matter! 🧪🌡️

 Hello Science Explorers! 🔍

Today’s lesson will be about matter — the stuff that everything is made of! From the air we breathe to the desk you sit at, it's all matter.

 Properties of matter

1. What is matter?

Matter: Matter is everything that has weight (mass) and occupies space (volume).

Matter can have 3 states:

- Solid

- Liquid

- Gas

Matter has physical properties.

Physical properties: Everything that we can observe, test and measure of an object.

Matter has general properties (mass and volume), and specific properties.

The specific properties that we will study in class are:

- Relative density

- Solubility

- Conductivity

- Magnetism

Matter

General properties Specific properties

Mass

Volume Solubility

Relative density

Conductivity

Magnetism

2. What is mass?

Mass: Amount of matter in an object. It is measured with a scale and its unit of measurement is the kilogram, gram or milligram.

It is used, for example, to measure the amount of an element when following a cooking recipe.

 

3. What is volume?

Volume: Space occupied by a body. It is measured with several instruments, and its unit of measurement is the liter or milliliter.

 

3.1: Measure the volume of a solid with a ruler.

3.2: Measuring the volume of a liquid

3.3: Measuring the volume of a solid without a ruler

4. What is relative density?

Relative density: The ability of an object to float or sink in water. 

If the object floats, it is LESS dense than water.

If the object sinks, it is DENSER than water.

  

 

5. What is solubility?

Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in water.

5.1: Difference Between Mixture and Solution:

• Mixture: A combination of 2 or more substances, in which each substance maintains its physical properties, and can be easily separated.

For example, if you mix rice with beans, you can see and separate each one. 

• Solution: it is a type of mixture where one substance is dissolved in another, and they cannot be easily separated.

For example, if you put sugar in water, the sugar disappears (dissolves), but it's still there.

 

 

6. What is conductivity?

Conductivity: The ability of a material to let heat or electricity pass through.

• Conductor: Material that lets electricity or heat pass through very easily. ALL METALS ARE CONDUCTORS.

• Insulator: Material that does not let electricity or heat through.

 

6.1: Electrical energy:

Some materials such as copper or aluminum allow electricity to pass through. They are conductors. Light cables are made of these 2 materials. 

THINK OF A CONDUCTOR AS A HIGHWAY FOR ELECTRICITY.

Other materials such as wood or plastic do not allow electricity to pass through. They are insulators.

THINK OF AN INSULATOR AS A WALL FOR ELECTRICITY.

 

6.2: Thermal energy:

Thermal energy is heat.

Some materials such as wood are thermal energy insulators. That is to say that they do not let heat through. 

Other materials such as metals are conductors of thermal energy. In other words, they transmit heat.

 

7. What is magnetism?

Magnetism: The ability of a material to be attracted to a magnet. NOT ALL METAL ARE MAGNETIC.

 

 

Pennies are made of copper: THEY ARE NOT MAGNETIC

Nickels ARE MAGNETIC

Dimes ARE NOT MAGNETIC