Force and Motion: What Makes Things Move? ⚽🧲

 Hi Motion Masters! 🏃‍♀️🚲

Today’s science lesson is all about force and motion — how things move, stop, and change direction. It’s what makes sports, roller coasters, and even falling leaves happen!

FORCE AND MOTION

1.     Vocabulary:

Force: A push or a pull, which may cause a change in an object’s motion.

Motion: A change of position of an object.

Unbalanced forces: Forces that cause a change in an object’s motion because they don’t cancel each other out.

Balanced forces: Forces that cancel each other out because they are equal in size and opposite in direction.

Energy transfer: The movement of energy from place to place or from one object to another.

Gravity: Force of attraction between objects. Gravity can cause motion

Friction: Force that occurs when 2 objects rub together

Inertia: property of matter that causes it to resist changes in speed

 

 

2.     Force:

Objects cannot move on their own. They need a force to move them.

A force is a push or a pull which may cause an object’s motion.

 

2 types of forces:

- Contact forces: Forces that act when objects touch.

- Non-contact forces: Forces that act without objects touching. For example, gravity and magnetism. Gravity is an invisible force that pulls objects toward the ground. An apple falls from a tree, thanks to gravity. When you throw something, gravity will pull it to the ground. If things had no gravity, they would fly into space.

 

3.     Motion:

Motion is movement from one place to another. The force causes motion as force affects objects which start moving. The movement of energy from place to place or from one object to another is called energy transfer.

 

 

4.     Balanced and unbalanced forces:

Forces can be balanced or unbalanced.

Balanced forces are forces that cancel each other out because they are equal in size and opposite in direction. THEY DO NOT RESULT IN MOTION OF THE OBJECT

Unbalanced forces are forces that cause a change in an object’s motion because they don’t cancel each other out.

 

5.     Energy transfer

The movement of energy from place to place or from one object to another is called energy transfer.

5.1: Newton's First Law of Motion (Inertia) :

 

An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

 

5.2: Newton's second Law of Motion :

 

The acceleration of an object depends upon two variables – the force acting on the object and the mass of the object.